Sand-verbena moth (Copablepharon fuscum) COSEWIC assessment and status report: chapter 17

Appendix 1: Initial Description of the Copablepharon fuscum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (reprinted from Troubridge and Crabo, 1996 [1995])


Description

Adult

Males and females similar. Eyes round. Frons smooth. Antennae ciliate, dorsal surface with white scales; scape white with small patch of golden brown scales dorsally. Palpi white, second segment with a small patch of gray scales dorsally. All tibiae with stout setae. Head and thorax golden brown, base of thoracic collar and edges of tegulae paler. Forewing length 17-19 min. Forewing ground colour golden brown, slightly darker than thorax; trailing margin darker gray-brown; costa and anal margin white; medial vein and MI edged posteriorly with a pale yellow line, this line edged posteriorly within discal cell with a black line which follows vein M2 to within 2 mm of margin; a diffuse black line follows vein R5 to within 2 mm of margin; a second pale yellow line borders the cubital vein and vein CuA2; postmedian line a series of black dots on veins; fringe concolourous with forewing basally, white to pale gray-brown distally. Hindwing dark gray-brown, fading to very light gray or white basally; fringe white in distal half, dark gray-brown basally. Undersurface of wings predominantly dark gray, light gray on hindwing base and along forewing costa, vein M2 distal to cell and anal margin.

Male Genitalia

Uncus curved, thin, tapered distally. Tegumen broad with penicillus lobes. Juxta broad, flat. Clavi long, cylindrical, slightly expanded distally. Valve 4X as long as wide, rounded distally, widest distal to sacculus due to triangular process of ventral margin; corona present; sacculus 2/5X length of valve; clasper as long as valve width, parallel to dorsal vaIve, broadest at base, tip curved slightly dorsad, basal sclerite strong, joined to clasper proper at 90°angle; digitus very short. Aedoeagus 3X as long as wide with a long, thin extension onto inner curve of coiled vesica; inflated vesica spirals 360° ventrad and leftward to project distal to tip of aedoeagus, distal vesica bulbous, median diverticulum finger-like with a single spike-like cornutus at apex.

Female Genitalia

Ovipositor lobes elongate, cone-shaped, covered with long and short setae; ductus bursae very rightly sclerotized, joined to posterior corpus bursae; bursa copulatrix bisaccate, without signa; corpus bursae straight, 4X as long as narrow, swollen anteriorly; appendix bursae joined to right side of posterior corpus bursae, curved 360' ventrad, its distal end swollen and fiddlehead-shaped; ductus seminalis joined to right side of distal appendix bursae.


Type Specimens

Holotype Male

USA, Washington, Island County, Deception Pass State Park, 26 May, 1995, Troubridge and Crabo in the Canadian National Collection (CNC). Paratypes (16 males, 18 females): 15 males, 15 females, same data as holotype; 1 female, 1 July, 1994, Saanichton, B.C., Troubridge; 1 male, 2 females, 1 July, 1995, Saanichton, B.C., Troubridge. Paratypes to be deposited in the CNC, American Museum of Natural History and United States National Museum.

Figure 1: Copablepharon fuscum: A. holotype male; B. female genitalia; C. male genital capsule; D. aedoeagus and everted vesica.

Figure 1: Copablepharon fuscum: A. holotype male; B. female genitalia; C. male genital capsule; D. aedoeagus and everted vesica.


Derivation of the Name

The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word fuscus, which means dark or swarthy. This refers to the wing colour, which is unusually dark for the genus.


Diagnosis

Adults of C. fuscum are easily separated from all other species in the genus by their dark colour and the presence of the contrasting yellow and black forewing lines. It is the only species with a predominantly gray underside to both forewing and hindwing -the ventral forewing of other species may be dark, but their ventral hindwing is white or off-white. Structurally, C. fuscum is most closely related to C. absidum (Harv.). The male and female genitalia are nearly identical to those of C. absidum, but the clasper of C. fuscum is wider (ca. 0.16 mm near tip vs. 0.12mm in C. absidum) and is rounded distally, while that of C. absidum is slightly pointed.

 

Appendix 2: 2001 and 2002 Moth Sampling Records from Beaches, Spits, and Dunes in the Strait of Georgia, Western Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, and Puget Sound (Note: the names and coordinates for all sites with confirmed Copablepharon fuscum populations are not included for conservation reasons)

Location Region Coordinates (NAD83) Date No. Family Genus Author Method
2001 Samples
Goose Spit (west) northern Strait of Georgia
(near Comox, B.C.)
49 39 40, 124 55 00 May 20, 2001 3 Noctuidae Apamea
cinefacta
(Grote, 1881) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1852
1 Noctuidae Plusia
nichollae
(Hampson, 1913)
1 Noctuidae Egira
perlubens
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Egira
rubrica
(Harvey, 1878)
1 Arctiidae Spilosoma
virginica
(Fabricius, 1798)
Keeha Bay Vancouver Island
(near Bamfield,
B.C. within PRNPR)
48 47 04.1, 125 10 02.4 May 21, 2001 1 Noctuidae Scoliopteryx
libatrix
(Linnaeus, 1758) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Sideridis
maryx
(Guenée, 1852)
23 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Egira simplex (Walker, 1865)
7 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Pseudaletia
unipuncta
(Haworth, 1809)
Wickaninnish Beach Vancouver Island
(near Tofino, B.C.)
49 01 15.8, 125 40 33.6 June 2, 2001 2 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873) 1
Lighttrap
Not available    northern Strait of Georgia
(Comox area, B.C.)
Not available June 11, 2001 2 Noctuidae Apamea
cuculliformis
(Grote, 1875)  
7 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996]
3 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1852
1 Noctuidae Parabagrotis
sulinaris
Lafontaine, 1998
Wickaninnish Beach Vancouver Island
(near Tofino, B.C.)
49 01 15, 125 40 33 June 12, 2001 4 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
3 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Arctiidae Spilosoma
virginica
(Fabricius, 1798)
2 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Schooner Cove Vancouver Island
(near Tofino, B.C.)
49 03 58.3, 125 47 39.8 June 13, 2001 1 Sphingidae Smerinthus
cerisyi
Kirby 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Acronicta
fragilis
(Guenée, 1852)
1 Noctuidae Scoliopteryx
libatrix
(Linnaeus, 1758)
1 Noctuidae Sideridis
maryx
(Guenée, 1852)
3 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
10 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Pachena Bay Vancouver Island
(near Bamfield, BC)
48 47 31.3, 125 06 55.9 June 14, 2001 11 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904) 1
Lighttrap
Not available northern Strait of Georgia
(Comox area, B.C.)
Not available June 18, 2001 1 Noctuidae Apamea
cuculliformis
(Grote, 1875) 1
Lighttrap
3 Arctiidae Hyphantria
cunea
(Drury, 1773)
2 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996]
6 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1852
7 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
8 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Diarsia
rosaria
(Grote, 1878)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
scoparia
Mikkola, Mustelin &
Lafontaine, 2000
1 Noctuidae Discestra
trifolii
(Hufnagel, 1766)
Cheewhat Beach dunes west Vancouver Island
(near Nitinat Lake, B.C.)
48 39 27.1, 124 48 34.4 June 21, 2001 1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
arietis
(Grote, 1879) 1
Lighttrap
6 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
1 Notodontidae Oligocentria
pallida
(Strecker, 1899)
13 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Pantheidae Panthea
virginaria
(Grote, 1880)
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Port Renfrew west Vancouver Island
(Port Renfrew, B.C.)
48 34 05.6, 124 24 11.0 June 26, 2001 1 Noctuidae Euplexia
benesimilis
McDunnough, 1922 1
Lighttrap
3 Noctuidae Mniotype
ducta
(Grote, 1878)
1 Noctuidae Leucania
farcta
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Ochropleura
implecta
Lafontaine, 1998
3 Arctiidae Lophocampa
maculata
Harris, 1841
7 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
4 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
4 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
plutonia
(Grote, 1883)
1 Notodontidae Furcula
scolopendrina
(Boisduval, 1869)
2 Arctiidae Spilosoma
virginica
(Fabricius, 1798)
Witty's Lagoon southern Strait of Georgia
(near Metchosin, B.C.)
48 23 10, 123 30 55 June 28, 2001 2 Notodontidae Clostera
brucei
(Hy. Edwards, 1885) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
cuneata
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
4 Noctuidae Leucania
multilinea
Walker, 1856
1 Noctuidae Lacanobia
nr. atlantica
undescribed
Vargas North Dunes Vancouver Island
(Vargas Island)
49 11 24.4, 126 01 51.3 July 4, 2001 1 Noctuidae Trichordestra
liquida
(Grote, 1881) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
4 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Ahous Bay North Vancouver Island
(Vargas Island)
49 11 06.1, 126 00 44.0 July 5, 2001 1 Noctuidae Leucania
farcta
(Grote, 1881) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Trichordestra
liquida
(Grote, 1881)
13 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
Wickaninnish Beach Vancouver Island
(near Tofino, B.C.)
49 01 15.8, 125 40 33.6 July 18, 2001 1 Noctuidae Diarsia
esurialis
(Grote, 1881) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Ochropleura
implecta
Lafontaine, 1998
1 Noctuidae Spiramater
lutra
(Guenée, 1852)
31 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
2 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Notodontidae Furcula
scolopendrina
(Boisduval, 1869)
1 Pantheidae Panthea
virginaria
(Grote, 1880)
8 Noctuidae Euxoa
wilsoni
(Grote, 1873)
6 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Stubbs Island Vancouver Island
(near Tofino, B.C.)
49 09 44.3, 125 55 26.3 July 19, 2001 2 Noctuidae Leucania
farcta
(Grote, 1881) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Oligia
indirecta
(Grote, 1875)
14 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
1 Noctuidae Peridroma
saucia
(Hübner, 1803-08)
1 Arctiidae Spilosoma
virginica
(Fabricius, 1798)
5 Noctuidae Euxoa
wilsoni
(Grote, 1873)
24 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Sidney Spit southern Strait of Georgia
(near Sidney, B.C.)
48 38 38.9, 123 20 00.4 July 23, 2001 1 Noctuidae Leucania
anteoclara
Smith, 1902 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Noctua
comes
(Hübner, [1813])
23 Noctuidae Trichoclea
edwardsii
Smith, 1888
5 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
8 Noctuidae Leucania
multilinea
Walker, 1856
1 Noctuidae Euxoa
tristicula
(Morrison, 1876)
1 Noctuidae Oligia
tusa
(Grote, 1878)
1 Noctuidae Agrotis
vancouverensis
Grote, 1873
3 Noctuidae Euxoa
wilsoni
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Whitesand Cove 1 Vancouver Island
(Flores Island)
49 15 41, 126 03 35 August 3, 2001 1 Noctuidae Syngrapha
celsa
(Hy. Edwards, 1881) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Diarsia
esurialis
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Leucania
farcta
(Grote, 1881)
2 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
1 Noctuidae Phlogophora
periculosa
Guenée, 1852
5 Noctuidae Euxoa
wilsoni
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
Whitesand Cove 2 Flores Island 49 15 40, 126 03 35 August 4, 2001 1 Noctuidae Pseudo-
hermonassa
(Smith, 1892) 1
Lighttrap
1 Notodontidae Oligocentria
pallida
(Strecker, 1899)
Ahous Bay Middle Vargas Island 49 11 20, 126 01 22 August 14, 2001 1 Noctuidae Apamea
amputatrix
(Fitch, 1857) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Protolampra
brunneicollis
(Grote, 1865)
1 Noctuidae Xestia
c-nigrum
(Linnaeus, 1758)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
cogitata
(Smith, 1891)
8 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
1 Noctuidae Eurois
occulta
(Linnaeus, 1758)
2 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
1 Notodontidae Oligocentria
pallida
(Strecker, 1899)
2 Noctuidae Phlogophora periculosa Guenée, 1852
5 Noctuidae Anaplectoides
prasina
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
1 Noctuidae Adelphagrotis
stellaris
(Grote, 1880)
1 Noctuidae Parabagrotis
sulinaris
Lafontaine, 1998
1 Noctuidae Oligia
tusa
(Grote, 1878)
1 Noctuidae Euxoa
wilsoni
(Grote, 1873)
12 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
2002 Samples
Not available northern Strait of Georgia
(Comox area, B.C.)
Not available 1-Jun-02 1 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996] Net
Spencer Spit
(state park)
Puget Sound
(Lopez Is., Washington)
122 52 00, 48 33 00 June 6, 2002 1 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1853 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Agrotis
vancouverensis
Grote, 1874
Odlin County Park Puget Sound
(Lopez Is., Washington)
122 54 00, 43 30 00 June 6, 2002 1 Noctuidae Agrotis
vancouverensis
Grote, 1875 1
Lighttrap
Not available Puget Sound
(San Juan Is., Washington)
Not available June 7, 2002 1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904) 1
Lighttrap
2 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996]
5 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Dargida
procincta
Grote, 1873
7 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
21 Noctuidae Agrotis
vancouverensis
Grote, 1876
Not available Puget Sound
(San Juan Is., Washington)
Not available June 7, 2002 Records unavailable
(No C. fuscum captured)
1
Lighttrap
Not available Puget Sound
(San Juan Is., Washington)
Not available June 7, 2002 3 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996] Net
1 Noctuidae Autographa
californica
Speyer, 1875
Not available Puget Sound
(Whidbey Is., Washington)
Not available June 8, 2002 1 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996] Net
Perego's Lagoon Puget Sound
(Whidbey Is, Washington)
48 11 00, 122 44 00 June 8, 2002 1 Noctuidae Apamea
cuculliformis
(Grote, 1875) 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Euxoa
quebecensis
Smith, 1900
1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
1 Noctuidae Parabagrotis
sulinaris
Lafontaine, 1999
1 Noctuidae Noctua
comes
(Hübner, [1813])
1 Noctuidae Zosteropoda
hirtipes
Grote, 1974
6 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1854
Sidney Spit southern Strait of Georgia
(Sidney Is., B.C.)
48 38 53.7, 123 20 10.7 June 11, 2002 1 Noctuidae Apamea
alia
Guenee, 1852 1
Lighttrap
8 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
11 Noctuidae Trichoclea
edwardsii
Smith, 1889
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
1 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
Not available Juan de Fuca Strait
(Sequim, Washington)
Not available June 12, 2002 3 Noctuidae Trichoclea
edwardsii
Smith, 1890 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996]
2 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1855
6 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
Not available Port Townsend, Washington Not available June 12, 2002 1 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881) 1
lightrap
4 Noctuidae Aletia
oxygala
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
cogitata
(Smith, 1891)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904)
29 Noctuidae Copablepharon
fuscum
Troubridge & Crabo, [1996]
18 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Lasionycta
wyatti
(Barnes & Benjamin, 1926)
2 Noctuidae Leucania
farcta
(Grote, 1881)
10 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1856
3 Noctuidae Oligia
tusa
(Grote, 1878)
1 Noctuidae Parabagrotis
sulinaris
Lafontaine, 2000
1 Noctuidae Zosteropoda
hirtipes
Grote, 1974
Savary Island dunes northern Strait of Georgia
(Savary Island)
49 56 10, 124 48 00 June 15, 2002 1 Noctuidae Apamea
maxima
(Dyar, 1904) 1
Lighttrap
1 Arctiidae Grammia
complicata
(Walker, 1865)
1 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Sideridis
maryx
(Guenée, 1852)
6 Noctuidae Homorthodes
hanhami
Barnes and McDunnough, 1911
1 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1858
Witty's Lagoon (west) southern Strait of Georgia
(Metchosin, B.C.)
48 23 10, 123 30 55 May 30, 2002 2 Noctuidae Euxoa
vetusta
Walker, 1865 1
Lighttrap
1 Noctuidae Behrensia
conchiformis
Grote, 1875
1 Noctuidae Apamea
cinefacta
(Grote, 1881)
4 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Parabagrotis
exertistigma
(Morr.)
1 Noctuidae Trichordestra
liquida
(Grote, 1881)
6 Noctuidae Lacanobia
nr. atlantica
undescribed
Island View Beach southern Strait of Georgia
(Sidney, B.C.)
48 35 50, 123 23 50 May 31, 2002 6 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1859 1
Lighttrap
7 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
7 Noctuidae Agrotis
vancouverensis
Grote, 1878
Witty's Lagoon (east) southern Strait of Georgia
(Metchosin, B.C.)
48 23 15, 123 30 45 May 30, 2002 5 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873) 1
Lighttrap
2 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1860
4 Noctuidae Lacanobia
nr. atlantica
undescribed
1 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
cuneata
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Agrotis
vancouverensis
Grote, 1879
Shoreline Park northern Strait of Georgia
(Campbell River, B.C.)
49 53 50, 125 08 50  June 1, 2002 1 Arctiidae Hyphantria
cunea
(Drury, 1773) 1 Lighttrap
1 Arctiidae Spilosoma
virginica
(Fabricius, 1798)
1 Noctuidae Lacinipolia
patalis
(Grote, 1873)
1 Noctuidae Leucania
insueta
Guenée, 1861
1 Noctuidae Trichordestra
liquida
(Grote, 1881)
1 Noctuidae Apamea
amputatrix
(Fitch, 1857)

 

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