Piping plover (Charadrius melodus circumcinctus) recovery strategy: chapter 4

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Management tool Objectives Source
Predator exclosure Reduce egg predation Richardson 1997; Murphy et al. 2003b; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2003; Alberta Piping Plover Recovery Team 2005
     
Predator removal Reduce local predator numbers Maxson and Haws 1995
     
Predator nest removal Reduce raptor nesting, thereby reducing adult plover mortality Alberta Piping Plover Recovery Team 2002, 2005; Schmelzeisen et al. 2004
     
Predator deterrent – nylon string Reduce or eliminate presence of breeding gulls Maxson et al. 1996
     
Clutch/nest translocation Protect clutches from flooding Prellwitz et al. 1995; Gordon and Kruse 1999
     
Electric predator fence Reduce egg and chick predation Mayer and Ryan 1991b; Murphy et al. 2003b
     
Strobe lights Reduce egg predation Kruse et al. 1993
     
Symbolic fencing Reduce human disturbance U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2003
     
Guardian program Reduce human disturbance, provide education, conservation Jacobson 2003; Maconachie 2003; Alberta Piping Plover Recovery Team 2005
     
Signage Reduce human disturbance Alberta Piping Plover Recovery Team 2005; Heyens 2005a
     
Landowner cooperation Reduce human disturbance, encourage habitat management, provide education Prescott 1997; Alberta Piping Plover Recovery Team 2005
     
Habitat creation Augment nesting habitat Asmundson and Jones 2004; Alberta Piping Plover Recovery Team 2005
     
Captive chick release Mitigate productivity losses from water management projects Kruse and Pavelka 1999; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2003
     
Water management Control spring inflows on managed rivers to reduce egg, chick, and habitat losses Canadian Wildlife Service et al. in prep.

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