Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) COSEWIC assessment and status report: chapter 18

Appendices


Appendix 1a: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Northern Mountain Population

Local population name Prov./Terr. & Ref. no. Pop.
estimate
SurveyYear Trend in nos.1 Range
area
(km2)
Dens./
100 km2
Survey
type2
Conf. in estimate3
Aishikik YT 20 1 500 1998 Increase 16 119 9.3 SRQ High
Atlin YT14/BC 800 1999 Stable 5 999 13.3 Extr. Mod.
Bonnet Pl. YT3/NT 5 000 1982 Unknown 18 614 26.9 G Unkn.
Carcross YT16/BC 450 1997 Increase 13 419 3.4 SRQ High
Chisana YT 22 400 2000 Decrease 13 000 3.1 Extr. High
Clear Creek YT 2 900 2001 Stable 4 873 18.5 SRQ High
Coal River YT 10/NT 800 1996 Unknown     Extr. Mod.
Ethyl Lake YT 4 300 1993 Stable 3 961 7.6 SRQ High
Finlayson YT 8 4 100 1999 Stable 24 733 16.6 SRQ High
Hart River YT 1 1 200 1978 Stable 17 478 6.9 TC Low
Ibex YT 15 400 1998 Unknown 1 979 20.2 SRQ High
Klaza YT 19 600 2000 Increase 7 089 8.5 TC Mod.
Kluane YT 21 200 1999 Decrease 6 595 3.0 TC Mod.
La Biche YT 11/NT 400 1993 Unknown     G Unkn.
L. Rancheria YT12/BC 1 000 1999 Increase 4 134 24.2 SRQ Mod.
Moose Lake YT 5 200 1991 Stable 1 022 19.6 SRQ High
Nahanni YT 9 2 000 1996 Unknown 16 000 12.5 Extr. Mod.
Pelly herds YT 17 1 000 2001 Unknown     G Unkn.
Redstone4 YT 7/NT 7 500 1982 Unknown     G Low
Tatchun YT 18 500 2000 Stable 7 091 7.1 TC High
Tay River YT 6 4 000 1991 Stable 25 148 15.9 SRQ High
Wolf Lake YT 13 1 400 1998 Stable 20 013 7.0 SRQ High
YT/NWTsubt.   34 650   22: 4/9/2/7 207 267 12.0   11/ 6/ 2/ 3
Atlin East BC38/YT 800 1999 Stable 5 999 13.3 SRQ Mod.
Atlin West BC 39 350 1998 Stable 4 398 8.0 TC Mod.
Edziza BC 27 200 1983 Stable 1 281 15.6 E Low
Finlay BC 25 200 1998 Unknown 3 084 6.5 TC Mod.
Frog BC 30 150 2000 Unknown 2 421 6.2 G Low
Gataga BC 31 250 2000 Unknown 4 436 5.6 G Low
Horseranch BC 35 850 1999 Stable 9 499 8.9 SRQ Mod.
Jennings BC 37 200 1970s Unknown 4 080 4.9 G Low
Level-Kawdy BC 28 1 650 1999 Stable 12 568 13.1 TC Mod.
Liard Plateau BC 34 150 2000 Stable 5 069 3.0 G Low
L. Rancheria BC36/YT 1 000 1999 Increase 4 134 24.2 SRQ Mod.
Muskwa BC 32 1 250 2000 Unknown 16 786 7.4 G Mod.
Pink Mtn. BC 24 850 2000 Declining 11 602 7.3 SRQ Mod.
Rabbit BC 33 800 2000 Unknown 5 936 13.5 E Low
Spatsizi BC 26 2 200 1994 Stable 16 929 13.0 TC Mod.
Tsenaglode BC 29 200 1999 Unknown 3 015 6.6 G Low
BC subtotal   11 100   16:1/7/1/7 111 237 10.0   0/ 9/ 7/ 0
Common5 YT/NT/BC 1 800   2:1/1/0/0 10 133     0/ 2/ 0/ 0
NMP Total   43 950   36:/4/15/3/14 308 371 11.3   11/13/9/3

1 Trend, as reported by jurisdictions. Standard criteria are needed. In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.
2 SRQ=stratified random quadrat; Extr=extrapolation; TC=total count; G=guess (few data); E=estimate (some data).
3 This confidence estimate is a qualitative evaluation in most cases. Totals are high/moderate/low/unknown
4 The Redstone population is listed as 5 000 to 10 000 and 7 500 is mid-range.
5 Local population numbers and areas common to Yukon and B.C. are subtracted from the total.


Appendix 1b: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2002 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Southern Mountain Population

Local
Population
Prov. & Ref. no. Pop.
estim.
Survey
Year
Trend
in nos.1
Range
area (km2)
Dens./
100 km2
Survey
type2
Conf. in estimate
Chase BC 22 700 1993 Stable 11 390 6.1 TCe Low
Graham BC 23 300 2002 Decreasing 4 734 6.3 TCe Med.
Kennedy Siding  BC 18 170 2002 Stable 1 470 1.6 E Med.
Moberly BC 19 170 2002 Unknown 5 115 3.3 E Med.
Quintette BC 17 200 2002 Stable 1 421 14.1 E Med.
Takla BC 21 100 2002 Unknown 1 850 5.4 TC Med.
Wolverine BC 20 400 1996 Unknown 8 315 4.8 TCe Low
Belcourt BC 40/AB 100   Unknown 2 045 4.9   See AB
NC metapop. BC 17-23 2 140   8:0/3/1/4 36 340 5.9   7:0/5/2/0
Charlotte BC 13 50 1999 Decrease 2 650 1.9 TC Med.
Itcha-Ilgachuz BC 14a 2 000 2000 Stable 9 457 21.1 TCe High
Telkwa BC 16 55 2000 Stable 1 828 3.0 TCe High
Tweedsmuir BC 15 300 1982 Decrease 12 811 2.3 E Med.
Rainbows BC 14b 125 2000 Decrease 3 804 3.3 TCe High
WC metapop. BC 13-16 2 530   5:0/2/3/0 30 550 8.3   5:3/2/0/0
Hart Ranges BC 12 450 1999 Stable 10 261 4.4 E Med.
Narrow Lake BC 11 65 1999 Stable 431 15.1 TC High
George Mtn. BC 10 5 1999 Decrease 441 1.1 TC High
Barkerville BC 9 50 2000 Stable 2 535 2.0 Tce High
N. Cariboo Mtn. BC 8 340 1999 Unknown 5 911 5.8 Tce Med.
Wells Gray S. BC 7b 315 1998 Decrease 10 381 3.5 Tce Med.
Wells Gray N. BC 7a 200 2000 Stable 6 346 3.2 Tce High
Cent. Rockies BC 6 20 1998 Decrease 7 265 0.3 TC Med.
Revelstoke BC 5 210 1998 Decrease 7 863 2.5 TC High
Monashee BC 4 10 2000 Decrease 2 082 0.5 TC Med.
Cent. Selkirks BC 3 130 1997 Decrease 4 813 2.7 Tce High
S. Purcells BC 2 20 2000 Stable 2 962 0.7 Tce High
S. Selkirks BC1/I D 35 2000 Stable 1 500 2.3 Tce High
S. metapop. BC 1-12 1 850   13:0/6/6/1 62 791 3.0   13:8/5/0/0
SMP BC Total BC 1- 23 6 555   26:0/11/10/5 129 680 5.1   25:11/12/ 2/0
Narraway(Belcourt) AB1/BC 40 100 1999 Unknown 2 045 4.9 AS Low
Redrock/Pr.Cr. AB2/BC 312 1993 Stable-decr. 1 900 16.4 MR Med.
A la Pêche AB3/BC 170 1998 Stable-decr. 1 600 10.6 TC Med.
S. Jasper NP AB4/BC 3138 1998 Decrease 2 200 6.3 TC Med.
N. Banff NP AB 5 433 1989 Decrease 600 5.5 TC Med.
AB Totals AB 1-5 753   5: 0/2/2/1 8 345 9.7   5:0/4/1/0
Common BC/AB 100   1:0/0/0/1 2 045      
SMP Total BC + AB 7 208   30:0/13/12/5 135 980 5.3   30:11/16/3/0

1 Trend, as reported by jurisdictions. Standard criteria are needed. In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.
2 TCe = total count & extrapolation from collared caribou; TC = total count; E = estimate; G = guess; AS = aerial survey; MR = mark & resight.
3 Mid point of 125-150.
4 Mid point of 25-40.


Appendix 1c: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Boreal Population

Local
population
Prov./ ref. no. Pop.
estim.
Surv.
Year
Trend
in no.1
Range
(km2)
Dens./
102km2
Surv.
type2
Conf. in est.
NWT Boreal2 NT 1 5200 1999 Unknown 433 504 1.2 G Low
BC Boreal BC41 725 1999 Unknown 51 541 1.4 G Low
L. Smoky AB 6/ 80 2000 Decrease 1 900 4.2 E Mod.
Bistcho AB7/ NT 400 1993 Unknown 11 200 3.6 E Low
Caribou Mtn AB8/NT 400 1993 Decrease 22 700 1.8 E Mod.
Chinchaga AB 9 200 1993 Unknown 9 300 2.2 E Low
Hotchiss AB 10 15 1993 Unknown 600 2.5 E Low
Deadwood AB 11 50 1993 Unknown 2 200 2.3 E Low
Red Earth AB 12 800 1993 Decrease 17 400 4.6 E Mod.
Richardson AB 13 100 1993 Unknown 4 500 2.2 E Low
SlaveLake AB 14 50 1993 Unknown 3 000 1.7 E Low
W. Athabasca AB 15 360 1998 Decrease 4 700 13.1 E Mod.
E. Athabasca AB 16 480 1993 Decrease 9 700 5.0 E Mod.
Air Weapons AB 17 350 1993 Stable 11 200 3.1 E Mod.
AB subtotals   3 285   12:0/1/5/6 98 400 3.3    
Mid-Boreal SK 1 760 2000 Decrease 110 498 0.7 E Low
Athabasca Plain SK 2 400 2000 Unknown 63 000 0.6 E Low
Churchill R.Upl. SK 3 3 780 2000 Decrease? 108 000 3.5 E Low
SK subtotals   4 940   3:0/0/2/13 281 498 1.8    
Wapisu MB 2 100 2000 Unknown 6 950 1.4 E Unkn.
Sisipuk-Kamuch.2 MB 3 150 2000 Unknown 12 470 1.2 G Unkn.
Kississing-Naosap 2 MB 4 150 2000 Stable 10 060 1.5 V,BT,TC High
Reed-Clearwater l. 2 MB 5 125 2000 Stable 10 380 1.2 V,BT,TC High
Waboden MB 6 150 2000 Unknown. 17 050 0.9 E Unkn.
Island Lake2 MB 7 750 2000 Unknown 23 240 3.2 G Unkn.
Gunisao-Hudwin 2 MB 8 375 2000 Unknown 14 380 2.6 G Unkn.
The Bog2 MB 9 63 2000 Stable 4 610 1.4 V,TC,LK Mod.
Swan-Pelican2 MB 10 63 2000 Stable 4 190 1.5 E Mod.
William L. MB 11 25 2000 Unknown 3 750 0.7 V,LK,E Low
North Interlake2 MB 12 63 2000 Unknown 10 330 0.6 V,LK,E Mod.
Atikaki-Berens2 MB 13 400 2000 Unknown 21 140 1.9 V,LK,E Unkn.
Owl-Flintstone2 MB 14 70 2000 Stable 3 640 1.9 T, TC High
MB subtotals   2484   13:0/5/0/8 173 670 1.4    
N. commercial For. ON 2 277            
In commercial For. ON 1 328            
Pot. commerc. For. ON 481            
In parks & islands ON 839            
ON subtotals   4 925     NA      
QC 50oN-55oN QC <10 000 2000          
Val D’Or QC 1 65            
Grands Jardins QP 2 103 1998          
Lac Joseph QP3/L1 See Labr            
QC subtotals   10 000     NA      
Lac Joseph NF: L 1 1 025 2000 Increase 50 000 2.1 MR Mod
Red Wine Mtn. NF: L 2 129 1997 Decrease 35 000 0.4 BT High
Mealy Mtn. NF: L 3 253 1997 Decrease 20 000 1.3 BT High
Labr. subtot   1 407   3:1/0/2/0 105 000 1.3    
Boreal pop.   32 966   33:1/6/9/173 1 143 613      

1 Trend, as reported by jurisdictions. Standard criteria are needed. In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown. Footnotes continued below Appendix 1d.
2 G=guess; E=estimate; V=visual sightings; BT=belt strip transect: TC=total; LK=local knowledge; T=track counts.
3 Mid points given for NWT Boreal (4000-6400), Sisipuk-Kamuchawie (100-200), Kississing-Naosap lakes (100-200), Reed-Yawningstone-Clearwater lakes (100-150), Island Lake (500-1000), Gunisao- Hudwin lakes (250-500), The Bog (50-75), Swan-Pelican lakes (50-75), North Interlake (50-75), Atikaki-Berens (300-500), Owl-Flintstone lakes (65-75), and Val D’Or (40-90).


Appendix 1d: Estimates of Numbers and Trends to 2001 for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in the COSEWIC Newfoundland (Island) Population

Local population
(I = introduced)
Prov./
ref. no.
Pop.
estim.
Surv.
year
Trend in nos.1 Range
(km2)
Density/
100 km2
Survey
type2
Conf. in estimate
Avalon NF 1 1 850 1998 Decrease 3 509 52.7 SQR 29%
Baie Verte NF 2 600 1996 Increase 4 159 14.4 BT 74%
Bay de Verte (I) NF 3 100 1995 Stable 733 13.6 TC Mod.
Brunette Isl. (I) NF 4 75 1996 Stable 22 340.9 TC Mod.
Buchans NF 5 7 800 2000 Stable 1 200 650.0 SQR 12%
Burin Pen. (I) NF 6 500 1995 Increase 501 99.8 BT 66%
Cape Shore (I) NF 7 1 400 2000 Increase 576 243.1 BT 57%
Corner Brook NF 8 700 1997 Stable 543 128.9 BT Mod.
Fogo Island (I) NF 9 200 1996 Increase 255 78.4 TC Mod.
Gaff Topsails NF 10 6 000 1989 Increase 3 334 180.0 MR 23%
Gregory Plat. (I) NF 11 360 1987 Stable Unkn.   TC, V Low
Grey Island (I) NF 12 600 1992 Increase 141 425.5 TC Mod
Grey River NF 13 16 500 1997 Increase 9 375 176.0 MR 10%
Gros Morne NF 14 2 800 1997 Increase 1 960 142.9 TGC 16%
Hampden Downs NF 15 850 1994 Increase 584 145.5 BT 57%
Humber NF 16 4 500 1998 Increase 6 635 67.8 SQR 34%
La Poile NF 17 10 500 1997 Increase 2 607 402.8 MR 18%
Merasheen Isl. (I) NF 18 280 2001 Stable 300 93.3 TC Mod.
Middle Ridge NF 19 19 800 1995 Increase 5 691 347.9 MR 10%
Mount Peyton NF 20 1 700 1994 Stable 268 634.3 SQR 29%
Northern Pen. NF 21 8 200 1996 Increase 17 686 46.4 BT 34%
Port Au Port (I) NF 22 44 1982 Stable 386 11.4 TC Mod.
Pot Hill NF 23 5 200 1997 Increase 1 171 444.1 MR 22%
Random Island (I) NF 24 20 1995 Stable 141 14.2 TC Mod.
Sandy Lake NF 25 1 000 1997 Stable 340 294.1 MR 29%
Sound Island (I) NF 26 33 1991 Stable 14 235.7 TC Mod.
St. Anthony (I) NF 27 8 400 1998 Increase 4 132 203.3 SQR 40%
NFP Totals   100 012   27:5/11/1/0 66 263 150.4    

1 Trend, as reported by jurisdiction. Standard criteria are needed (see page 39). In subtotals row the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.In totals row, the coding is number of populations: increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown.
2 SRQ= stratified random quadrat; BT = belt strip transect; TC = total count; MR = mark-resight; V = visual; TGC = total ground count.


Appendix 2a: Protected Areas that Afford Some Range Security for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in COSEWIC’s Northern Mountain (NM) and Southern Mountain (SM) National Ecological Areas (NEA)

NEA Protected area1 Local pop. of caribou & numbers Proportion of caribou range Proportion of pop. (nos.) in PA Important range in PA2 Security of PA3 Source
NM Ddah Ghro SMA – ex MacArthur GS Ethyl Lake herd (est. 300) 20% (about 800 km2 of 4000 km2 total range) Seasonally in summer & fall Some CR & rutting areas Manage. Plan in dev. Yukon Prot. Area Strategy
NM Kluane GS (YT) & Wrangle-St. Elias NP(AK) Chisana herd (est. 400) 70% (about 9000 km2 of 13 000 km2 total range) Variable but most of the time Core WR, all CR &  most of SR NH &  LD Farnell, p.c.  2001
NM Nahanni Nat. Pk. Reserve 4766 km2 Nahanni
(est. 2000 caribou)
12% (ca. 2000 km2 of total range of 16 000 km2) Numbers vary (move in/ out park) Imp. WR for part of population NH, LD Gullickson 2000
NM N. B.C. Not available          
SM Cent./S B.C. Not available          
SM Kakwa Wildland Narraway 18% Variable SR LD Szkorupa
p.c. 2000
SM Willmore Wilderness A la Pêche/ N.JasperNP 72% Variable SR & recent WR LD,  HA As above
SM JNP, Whitegoat Wilderness South Jasper/ Whitegoat 100% All YR range LD,  NH As above
SM BNP, Siffleur Wilderness North Banff/Siffleur 100% All YR range LD,  NH As above

1 SMA = Special Management Area, GS = Game sanctuary, NP = National Park,  PP = Provincial Park
2 CR = calving range, WR = winter range, SR = summer range. YR = year round range.
3 HA = hunting allowed, NH = no hunting, LD = limited development


Appendix 2b: Protected areas that afford some range security for forest-dwelling woodland caribou in COSEWIC’s Boreal (B) National Ecological Area (NEA)

NEA Protected area1 Local pop. of caribou & numbers Prop. caribou range in PA Prop. of pop. (nos.) in PA Important range in PA2 Security of PA3 Source
B Sahyoue, NWT
2894 km2
NWT Unknown Unknown Annual? ND Gunn p.c. 2001
B Edacho, NWT
2642 km2
NWT Unknown Unknown Annual? ND As above
B Edehzhie, NWT
24 590 km2
NWT Unknown Unknown Annual? ND As above
B Wood Buffalo
NWT: 9225 km2
NWT Unknown Unknown Annual? ND As above
B Birch Mtn. Wildland. AB Red Earth 2% Variable Unknown LD Szkorupa
p.c.2001
B Marguerite River Wildland, AB Richardson 7% Variable Unknown LD As above
B Stony Mtn. & Grand Rapids Wildlands, AB ESAR 3% Variable Unknown LD As above
B Air Weapons Range, AB CLAWR 67% Variable Unknown Lim. access/ disturb. As above
B Caribou Mtn.
Wildland PP 5910 km2
Caribou Mountains/
Yates
80%       Edmonton
Journal

25/07/01
B Wood Buffalo NP, AB Caribou Mtns/ Yates 4% Variable Unknown NH,
LD
Szkorupa
p.c.2001
B Chinchaga Wildland, AB Chinchaga 9% Variable Unknown LD As above
B Prince Albert NP, SK PA Nat’l Pk
Est. 30
15% Important S/F range NH, little disturb. Trottier, p. c. 2001
B Wildcat Hills Wildern. Area, SK Est. 5-10 10% HA, poor access
B Seager-Wheeler Repr. Area, SK Est. 10-30 40% Important YR HA, poor access
B Narrow Hills PP,
SK
Est. 15-20 10% Important SR HA, good access
B Wapawekka Hills Repr. Area, SK Est. 25-30 60% Important YR HA,  poor access
B Lac La Ronge PP, SK Est. 60 50% Imp.calving, S & W HA, some disturbance
B Cold Lake Air Weapons Range Est. 30-50 30% Unknown NH
little disturb.
B Athabasca Sand Dunes PP Res,SK Est. 10-15 50% Important YR range HA, very poor access

1 SMA = Special Management Area, GS = Game sanctuary, NP = National Park, PP = Provincial Park
2 CR = calving range, WR = winter range, SR = summer range, YR = year round range.
3 HA = hunting allowed, NH = no hunting, LD = limited development, ND = no development.


Appendix 2c: Protected Areas that Afford Some Range Security for Forest-dwelling Woodland Caribou in COSEWIC’s Newfoundland and Atlantic Populations in Canada

Pop./
NEA
Protected area1 Local pop. of caribou and numbers Proportion of caribou range Proportion of pop. (nos.) in PA Important range in PA2 Security of PA3 Source
NF (Isl.) Gros Morne NP. 1 960 km2 Gros Morne
(est. 2 800)
75% (seasonal movements in & out) Proportion varies Important SR, WR, & CR NH,
Little disturb.
Mahoney 2000
NF (Isl.) Bay du Nord Wildern. Res.
2 859 km2
Middle Ridge
(est. 20 000)
50% (seasonal movements in-out) Proportion varies Important SR, WR, & CR NH,
Little disturb.
As above
NF (Isl.) Avalon Wildern.Res. 1 070 km2

Avalon

(est. 1 850)

50% (use varies) Proportion varies Important SR, WR, & CR NH,
Little disturb.
As above
Atlantic
(Gasp-ésie)
Gaspésie PP Gaspésie
Estimate 200
80-90% 91% of collared YR range NH, little disturb. Ouelett et al. 1996

1 NP = National Park, Wildern. Res. = Wilderness Reserve, PP = Provincial Park
2 SR = summer range, WR = winter range, CR = calving range, YR = year round range.
3 NH = no hunting.


Appendix 3a: Types, Criteria, and Characteristics of Ecotypes of Woodland Caribou

Primary types Criterion Characteristics
Forest-tundra (migratory) or Forest dwelling (sedentary) Seasonal range use (movement pattern) Forest-tundra = taiga-tundra. Forest dwelling (boreal) may have short migrations (elevational shifts in mountains, latitudinal shifts on plains), have fixed summer range and variable winter range, or be essentially sedentary
Mountain or Boreal forest (plains) Occurrence in major landforms (Canada) Mountain caribou make elevational shifts to alpine in summer from subalpine in winter (exception: some winter in alpine).  Plains ecotype
Secondary types    
Terrestrial or Arboreal Winter lichens eaten Differentiates northern and mountain ecotypes in B.C. Poles of a continuum, i.e., both lichen types used in many areas.
Peatlands or Shield (islands/ Lakeshore/ streams Occurrence within boreal forest Large peatland complexes are most common south of the Shield. Caribou on the Shield are less likely to form local populations than on peatlands


Appendix 3b: Schematic of Woodland Caribou Ecotypes

Schematic of woodland caribou ecotypes.


Appendix 4: Indicators of the Status of COSEWIC Populations of Caribou

Indicator Value Pros and cons Report
1. Total absolute numbers Low Effort increasing & better methods. Count accuracy & precision low Table 1
2. Trend in absolute numbers Low Same as above row. Must partition natural and human effects on local populations Table 2
3. Trend in numbers of local pops. Medium Trends (increasing/stable/decreasing/unknown) detected by several criteria. Need standard criteria for stable, etc.  Table 3, App. 1
4. Frequency distrib. of local pop. sizes Medium Shape of distribution is important. Small pops. likely vulnerable Table 4
5. Frequency distrib. of range sizes Fair Potentially premier indicator but expensive (radio collars). Small areas a “red flag” Table 5
6. Densities of local pop. Low Requires good data for indicators 1 & 4. Need baseline data for habitat type Table 6
7. Concerns & perceived threats High Usually correct, often subjective. Need weighting of factors. Need long-range models for caribou habitat supply where logging & other development Table 7
8. Database & current monitoring Variable Relates to indicators 1-6. Pop. demography etc., habitat changes Table 8
9. Proportion of range protected Medium Limits development. Management options restricted. App. 2
10. Subjective designations of risk Medium Synthesis of all information. Many unknowns (e.g., warming effect) Table 10
11. Land-use plans include caribou Unknown Adaptive management. Landscape, stand and site considerations  
12. Caribou range fragmentation index Undeveloped Need to develop criteria specifically for caribou  
13. Habitat quality (integrity) index Undeveloped Need to develop criteria specifically for caribou. Mosaic component minimums  
14. Genetic diversity & changes w/ time Unknown Need to monitor selected local populations. Need to establish effect on caribou fitness  
15. Local population viability indices Undeveloped Need to agree on minimum viable pop. sizes, minimum range sizes including important components etc.  
16. Level of funding for monitoring/manage Undeveloped Need to establish format (categories, sub categories, etc).  

 

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