Crapaud du Grand Bassin (Spea intermontana) évaluation et rapport de situation du COSEPAC : chapitre 13

Sources d'information

Ashpole, S.L., D.C. Cunnington et R. Noble. 2005. Introduced American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) removal in the South Okanagan, résumé de la présentation à la réunion annuelle du Réseau Canadien de Conservation des Amphibiens et des Reptiles tenue à Ottawa (Ontario) en septembre 2005.

Ashpole, S.L., C.A. Bishop, A.M. Edwards, et J. Elliott. 2006a. Amphibian land-use and species diversity in the South Okanagan, British Columbia (2003-2006), résumé de la présentation à la réunion annuelle du Réseau Canadien de Conservation des Amphibiens et des Reptiles tenue à Victoria (Colombie-Britannique) en octobre 2006.

Ashpole, S.L., C.A. Bishop et J. Elliott.2006b. Pesticide exposure and reproductive effects in native amphibian species using agricultural habitat, South Okanagan, British Columbia (2003-2006), résumé de la présentation à la réunion annuelle du Réseau Canadien de Conservation des Amphibiens et des Reptiles tenue à Ottawa (Ontario) en septembre 2005.

Ashpole, S.L., D.C. Cunnington et L. Friis.2006c. Three years of invasive American Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) removal activities: can we successfully remove these populations?, résumé de la présentation à la réunion annuelle du Réseau Canadien de Conservation des Amphibiens et des Reptiles tenue à Victoria (Colombie-Britannique) en octobre 2006.

Black, J.H. 1970. A possible stimulus for the formation of some aggregations in tadpoles of Scaphiopus bombifrons, Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 49:13–14.

Boorse, G.C., et R.J. Denver.2003. Endocrine mechanisms underlying plasticity in metamorphic timing in spadefoot toads, Integrative and Comparative Biology 43: 646–657.

Bradford, D.F., J.R. Jaeger et S.A. Shanahan. 2005. Distributional changes and populations status of amphibians in the Eastern Mojave Desert, Western North American Naturalist 65 462–472.

Bragg, A.N. 1956. Dimorphism and cannibalism in tadpoles of Scaphiopus bombifrons (Amphibia: Salientia), Southwestern Naturalist 1:105–108.

Bragg, A.N. 1960. Experimental observations on the feeding of spadefoot tadpoles, Southwestern Naturalist 5:201–207.

Bragg, A.N. 1961. The behavior and comparative developmental rates in nature of tadpoles of a spadefoot, a toad, and a frog, Herpetologica 17:80–84.

Bragg, A.N. 1964. Further study of predation and cannibalism in spadefoot tadpoles, Herpetologica 20:17–24.

Bragg, A.N. 1965. Gnomes of the night: The spadefoot toads, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphie.

Bragg, A.N., et W.N. Bragg. 1957. Parasitism of spadefoot tadpoles by Saprolegnia, Herpetologica 13:191.

Bragg, A.N., et W.N. Bragg. 1959. Variations in the mouth parts in tadpoles of Scaphiopus (Spea) bombifrons Cope (Amphibia: Salientia), Southwestern Naturalist 3:55–69.

Brown, H.A. 1967. High temperature tolerance of the eggs of a desert anuran, Scaphiopus hammondii, Copeia 1967:365–370.

Brown, H.A. 1989. Tadpole development and growth of the Great Basin spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus, from central Washington, Canadian Field-Naturalist 103:531–534.

Buchholz, D.R., et T.B. Hayes. 2002. Evolutionary patterns of diversity in spadefoot toad metamorphosis (Anura: Pelobatidae), Copeia 2002:180–189.

Cohen, S., D. Neilsen et R. Welbourn (éd.). 2004. Expanding the dialogue on climate change & water management in the Okanagan Basin, British Columbia, rapport final, du 1er janvier 2002 au 30 juin 2004, site Web : Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES) (site disponible en anglais seulement) (consulté en mai 2006).

Collins, J.T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles, 3rd ed. Soc. Study Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular 19:1–41.

Cope, E.D. 1875. In Yarrow, Report upon the collections of batrachians and reptiles made in portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona during the years 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874, Wheeler’s Rept. Geogr. Geol. Expl. Surv. West 100th Merid. 5:509–633.

Cope, E.D. 1883. Proceedings of the Academy of Philadelphia, p. 14.

Crother, B.I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America and Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding, SSAR Herpetological Circular 29.

Dahl, T.E. 1990. Wetland losses in the United States 1780's to 1980's, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C.

Dimmitt, M.A., et R. Ruibal. 1980. Exploitation of food resources by spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus), Copeia 4:852 –862.

Daszak, P., L. Berger, A.A. Cunningham, A.D. Hyatt, D.E. Green et R. Speare. 1999. Emerging infectious diseases and amphibian population declines, Emerging Infectious Diseases 5:735–748.

Davidson, C., H.B. Shaffer et M.R. Jennings. 2002. Spatial tests of the pesticide drift, habitat destruction, UV-B, and climate-change hypotheses for California amphibian declines, Conservation Biology 16:1588–1601.

Farrar, E.S., et J.D. Hey. 1997. Carnivorous spadefoot (Spea bombifrons Cope) tadpoles and fairy shrimp in western Iowa, J. Iowa Acad. Sci. 104:4–7.

Funkhouser, A. 1977. Plasma osmolarity of Ranacatesbeiana and Scaphiopus hammondii tadpoles, Herpetologica 33:272–274.

García-París, M., D.R. Buchholtz et G. Parra-Olea. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Pelobatoidea re-examined using mtDNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28:12–23.

Gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique. 2006. BC Stats. Sub-provincial population estimates, site Web :  http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/data/pop/pop/estspop.asp#health (consulté en mai 2006)

Graham, T. 2004. Climate change and ephemeral pool ecosystems: Potholes and vernal pools as potential indicator systems, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, site Web : http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/biology/vernal/ (consulté en mai 2006).

Green, D.M., et R.W. Campbell. 1984. The amphibians of British Columbia, British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook No. 45, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique), 100 p.

Greenberg, C.H., et G.W. Tanner. 2004. Breeding pond selection and movement patterns by eastern spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in relation to weather and edaphic conditions, J. Herpetol. 38:569–577.

Greenberg, C.H., et G.W. Tanner. 2005. Spatial and temporal ecology of eastern spadefoot toads on a Florida landscape, Herpetologica 61:20–28.

Hallock, L. 2005. Great Basin Spadefoot, p. 158 –161, in L.L.C. Jones, W.P. Leonard et D.H. Olson (éd.), Amphibians of the Pacific Northwest, Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle (Washington).

Hammerson, G. 2005. Species account for the Great Basin Spadefoot, Spea intermontana, in NatureServe 2005, site Web diponible en anglais seulement (consulté en mai 2006).

Hironaka, M., M.A. Fosberg et A.H. Winward. 1983. Sagebrush_grass habitat types in southern Idaho, Bulletin No. 35, Forest, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow (Idaho).

Hlady, D. 1990. South Okanagan Conservation Strategy, Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique).

Hovingh, P., B. Henton et D. Bornhold. 1985. Aquatic parameters and life history observations of the Great Basin spadefoot toad in Utah, Great Basin Naturalist 45:22–30.

Jansen, K.P., A.P Summers et P.R. Delis. 2001. Spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus holbrookii) in an urban landscape: effects of non-natural substrates on burrowing in adults and juveniles, J. Herpetol. 35: 141–145.

Kiesecker, J.M., A.R. Blaustein et C.L. Miller. 2001. Transfer of a pathogen from fish to amphibians, Cons. Biol. 15:1064–1070.

Leonard, W.P., H.A. Brown, L.L.C. Jones, K.R. McAllister et R. M. Storm. 1993. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon, Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, 168 p.

Leupin, E., D.J. Lowe et B. Persello. 1994. Census and life history observations of the Great Basin spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus intermontanus) breeding populations in the Thompson Nicola regions, rapport inédit, Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique, Wildlife Branch, Kamloops (Colombie-Britannique), 21 p.

Lowe, D.J., J.D. Green, T.G. Northcote et K.J. Hall. 1997. Holocene fluctuations of a meromictic lake in southern British Columbia, Quaternary Research 48:100–113.

Markey, N.M., et M. Ross. 2005. Secwepemc cultural knowledge of selected species at risk, rapport inédit préparé pour le ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canada, Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique).

Matsuda, B.M., D.M. Green et P.T. Gregory. 2006. Amphibians and reptiles of British Columbia, Royal BC Museum handbook, Royal BC Museum, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique).

Meidinger, D., et D. Pojar. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests de la Colombie-Britannique, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique), 330 p.

MOE. Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique. 2004a. Grasslands of the Southern Interior, brochure Ecosystems In British Columbia At Risk, produite par le Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection (maintenant MOE) de la Colombie-Britannique, 6 p.

MOE. Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique. 2004b. Wetlands of the Southern Interior valleys, brochure Ecosystems In British Columbia At Risk, produite par le Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection (maintenant MOE) de la Colombie-Britannique, 6 p.

Morey, S.R., et D. Reznick. 2001. Effects of larval density on postmetamorphic spadefoot toads (Spea hammondii), Ecology, Washington D.C., 82: 510–522.

Morey, S.R., et D.N. Reznick. 2004. The relationship between habitat permanence and larval development in California spadefoot toads: field and laboratory comparisons of developmental plasticity, Oikos 104: 172–190.

Nature Conservancy. 1992. Ecological charms among nuclear arms, Nature Conservancy 7/8 1992:34.

NatureServe Explorer. 2005. An online encyclopedia of life, version 4.7 (dernière mise à février 2006), NatureServe, Arlington (Virginie) États-Unis, site Web disponible en anglais seulement (consulté en mai 2006).

Newman, R.A., et A.E. Dunham. 1994. Size at metamorphosis and water loss in a desert anuran, Copeia 1994:372–381.

Northcote, T.G. 1992. Prediction and assessment of potential effects of global environmental change on freshwater sport fish habitat in British Columbia, GeoJournal 28:39–49.

Nussbaum, R.A., E.D. Brodie et R.M. Storm. 1983. Amphibians and reptiles of the Pacific Northwest, University of Idaho Press, Moscow (Idaho), 332 p.

Oaten, D. 2003. Substrate preference by burrowing juvenile Great Basin Spadefoot toads (Spea intermontana) under laboratory conditions, thèse de baccalauréat spécialisé en sciences des ressources naturelles, Department of Natural Resources Sciences, University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops (Colombie-Britannique).

Orchard , S.A. 1985. Great Basin Spadefoot Toad Scaphiopusintermontanus: Habitat use information and habitat suitability index model, rapport inédit prepare pour le Ministry of Forests de la Colombie-Britannique, Research Branch, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique).

Orton, G.L. 1954. Dimorphism in larval mouthparts in spadefoot toads of the Scaphiopus hammondii group, Copeia 1954:97–100.

Pearson, P.G. 1955. Population ecology of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus h. holbrookii (Harlan), Ecological Monographs 25:233–267.

Pitt, M., et T.D. Hooper. 1994. Threats to biodiversity of grasslands in British Columbia, p. 279–292, in L.E. Harding et E. McCullum (éd.), Biodiversity in British Columbia: our changing environment, Environnement Canada, Vancouver (Colombie-Britannique).

Pfennig, D. 1990. The adaptive significance of an environmentally-cued developmental switch in an anuran tadpole, Oecologia 85:101–107.

Rebellato, B. 2005. Amphibian and Pigmy Short-horned Lizard surveys on the Osoyoos Indian Reserve 2004, rapport inédit préparé pour la bande indienne Osoyoos et le Service canadien de la faune, Delta (Colombie-Britannique).

Redpath, K. 1990. Identification of relatively undisturbed areas in the south Okanagan and Similkameen valleys, British Columbia, Service canadien de la faune, Région du Pacifique et du Yukon, Technical Report Series No. 108.

Ruibal, R.,L. Tevis, Jr. et V. Roig. 1969. The terrestrial ecology of the spadefoot toad Scaphiopushammondii, Copeia 1969:571–584.

Sarell, M. 2004. Great Bain Spadefoot Spea intermontana, in Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife –Accounts V. 2004 (7 p.), Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique).

Sarell, M. 2006. Potential Enhancement and Restoration Opportunities for Amphibian Breeding Ponds on the Vernon Military Camp, rapport inédit préparé pour le ministère de la Défense nationale, Base des forces armées canadiennes de Chilliwack.

Sarell, M.J., A. Haney et S. Robertson.1998. Inventory of Red and Blue-listed Wildlife within the Southern Boundary Forest District: Year Two of Two, rapport inédit préparé pour le Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique, Penticton (Colombie-Britannique) et Forest Renewal BC.

Sarell, M., et W. Alcock. 2004. Reptile and amphibian survey on the Osoyoos Indian Reserve: 2003, rapport inédit préparé pour la bande indienne Osoyoos et le Service canadien de la faune, Delta (Colombie-Britannique).

Scudder, G.G.E. 1980. The Osoyoos Arid Biotic Area, p. 49-55, in R. Stace Smith, L. Johns et P. Joslin (éd.), Threatened and endangered habitats in British Columbia and the Yukon, Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique).

Seymour, R.S. 1973. Energy metabolism of dormant spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus), Copeia 1973: 435–445.

Simpson, A. 2005. Lac Du Bois Provincial Park Spadefoot Toad Survey. Project results, 2005, rapport inédit préparé pour BC Parks.

Speare, R. 2005. Amphibian diseases: amphibian chytridiomycosis , site Web disponible en anglais seulement (consulté en mai 2006)

Stebbins, R.C. 1951. Amphibians of western North America, Univ. California Press, Berkeley, 539 p.

Stebbins, R.C. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 336 p.

Stebbins, R.C., et N.W. Cohen. 1995. A natural history of amphibians, Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey), 316 p.

St. John , D. 1993. Census of the breeding distribution of the Great Basin Spadefoot Toad Scaphiopus intermontanus in the South Okanagan Valley, rapport inédit, Ministry of Environment de la Colombie-Britannique, Penticton (Colombie-Britannique), 12 p.

Svihla, A. 1953. Diurnal retreats of the spadefoot toad Scaphiopus hammondii, Copeia 1953:186.

Tanner, V.M. 1939. A study of the genus Scaphiopus, Southwestern Naturalist 1:3–22.

Tanner, W.W. 1989a. Amphibians of western Chihuahua, Great Basin Naturalist 49:38–70.

Tanner, W.W. 1989b. Status of Spea stagnalis Cope (1875), Spea intermontanus Cope (1889), and a systematic review of Spea hammondii Baird (1839) (Amphibia: Anura), Great Basin Naturalist 49:503–510.

Tarangle, D., et M. Yelland. 2005. 2005 Central/South Okanagan wetland auditory survey of amphibian species –with emphasis on Great Basin Spadefoot detection (Spea intermontana), rapport de travail interne préparé pour le Ministry of Environment, Penticton (Colombie-Britannique).

Tinsley, R.C., et K. Tocque. 1995. The population dynamics of a desert anuran, Australian Journal of Ecology 20:376–384.

Tisdale, E.W. 1961. Ecologic changes in the Palouse, Northwest Science 35:134–138.

Verkerk, P., M. Janzen et R. Packham.2006. Preliminary Great Basin Spadefoot Toad Survey in the Alberta and Meadow Lakes Areas of the 100 Mile House Forest District, 2006, rapport inédit préparé pour le Ministry of Environment.

Washington Herp Atlas, 2005. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife, U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service, site Web :  http://www.dnr.wa.gov/nhp/refdesk/herp/index.html (consulté en juin 2006).

Wiens, J.J., et T.A. Titus. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of Spea Anura Pelobatidae, Herpetologica 47:21–28.

Wind, E. 2005. Effects of nonnative predators on aquatic ecosystems, rapport inédit provisoire préparé pour le Ministry of Environment, Victoria (Colombie-Britannique).

Wright, A.H., et A.A. Wright. 1949. Handbook of frogs and toads of the United States and Canada, Comstock Publ. Assoc., Ithaca (New York), 640 p.

Détails de la page

Date de modification :